Write the target population, primary objective and quantity you want to estimate. “Find significance” is not an objective. Decide whether the question is descriptive, associational, predictive or intended to support causal interpretation.
Define the decision
Write the target population, primary objective and quantity you want to estimate. “Find significance” is not an objective. Decide whether the question is descriptive, associational, predictive or intended to support causal interpretation.
Map variables and dependence
Specify outcome type, predictors, timing, repeated measures and sampling structure. The same numeric outcome can require different treatment when observations are paired, clustered or independent. Identify the eligible analysis population before choosing a test.
Worked example: clinic survey
Illustrative example: observations are sampled within clinics. An analysis treating every observation as independent can understate uncertainty. The plan should record clustering, the number of clinics, how they were sampled and what the chosen method assumes.
Original objective map
Use Objective | Population | Outcome/scale | Predictor/comparison | Dependence | Candidate method | Assumptions/diagnostics | Missing-data approach | Effect and uncertainty | Fallback. A fallback should answer the scientific question rather than chase a smaller p-value.
Freeze and explain changes
Record the agreed plan before inspecting outcomes where possible. If data limitations require a change, document the reason and label exploratory work clearly. A planner suggests candidates; diagnostics and expert review decide whether they are justified.
Review this research decision
We can review your actual form, dataset and reporting requirement, then scope the smallest service that solves the risk.
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